Biological effects and vision regulation
Full-spectrum light mimics sunlight with the complete spectrum of visible light, which stimulates the release of dopamine in the retina, helping to inhibit undesirable elongation of the eye. This type of simulated light supports healthy eye development, improves visual acuity, and contributes to the regulation of biological rhythms, which are essential for proper vision development and overall health. The study also shows that exposure to a bright, full-spectrum environment supports alertness, concentration, and psychological well-being. Children who spend more time outdoors and are exposed to the full spectrum of daylight not only show reduced risk of myopia, but also experience lower stress levels and improved ability to concentrate, contributing to overall well-being during the school day.
Mechanisms of light influence on myopia development
The protective effect of full-spectrum light is mediated by light intensity and wavelength spectrum, which influence the growth of the eyeball. Bright daylight stimulates the dopaminergic system of the retina, which regulates eye elongation. Children exposed to higher light intensities (above 5,000 lux) show slower elongation of the ocular axis, while low light levels (below 500 lux) are associated with faster progression of myopia. A broad and balanced spectral composition provides optimal stimulation for the biological mechanisms controlling eye growth.
Prevention and recommendations
Investing in full-spectrum lighting in schools, workplaces, and homes can significantly reduce the risk of myopia. Thanks to the natural spectral composition of sunlight or artificial light, eye development improves, eye strain is reduced, and a healthy visual environment is supported. Regular time spent outdoors (1–2 hours daily) and sufficiently intense full-spectrum indoor lighting that mimics daylight are recommended.
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