University of Pennsylvania researchers have found that there is a reciprocal regulation between circadian rhythms and metabolism. Improper light exposure that does not respect the natural cycle of day and night can lead to metabolic disorders.

Essential circadian clock genes play a critical role in the regulation of tissue-specific metabolic functions

Core circadian clock genes such as BMAL1, CLOCK and REV-ERB have specific functions in the regulation of metabolism. Disruption of these genes can lead to various metabolic disorders, including fatty liver, altered lipid and glucose homeostasis, and impaired mitochondrial function and physical performance.

The research presented in the study shows that mice lacking the core circadian clock gene Bmal1 have been observed to have impaired glucose production, show various signs of premature ageing, have reduced body weight and shorter lifespan. Mice lacking the Per1 gene have been measured in studies for increased blood pressure related to sodium absorption in the kidneys. Mice with the Cry1 and Cry2 genes knocked out also gain weight rapidly and show higher blood insulin levels.

Study results highlight the importance of matching eating habits to the body’s natural circadian rhythms

Time-restricted eating and intermittent fasting in accordance with the natural alternation of day and night have been shown in animal experiments and human clinical trials to be effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Specifically, it has been shown that only eating during the active phase (in humans during the day) has healthy consequences for metabolism, while poorly timed eating during the sleep phase at night can lead to metabolic disorders.